TABLE OF CONTENTS
- 38.1 - Collapse of the Soviet Union
- 38.2 - Global Economy
- 38.3 - Global Problems
WHO ARE THESE PEOPLE???
38.1 - Collapse of the Soviet Union
Unit 8: Learning Objective J
Explain the causes of the end of the Cold War.
HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENTS
KC-6.2.V.C. - Militaries and militarized states often responded to the proliferation of conflicts in ways that further intensified conflict.
- The buildup of the military-industrial complex and weapons trading
KC-6.2.V.D. - Some movements used violence against civilians to achieve political aims.
- al-Qaeda
KC-6.2.IV.C. - The Cold War conflict extended beyond its basic ideological origins to have profound effects on economic, political, social, and cultural aspects of global events.
KC-6.2.IV.E - Advances in U.S. military and technological development, the Soviet Union’s costly and ultimately failed invasion of Afghanistan, and public discontent and economic weakness in communist countries led to the end of the Cold War and the collapse of the Soviet Union.
KC-6.3.I.D. - In a trend accelerated by the end of the Cold War, many governments encouraged free-market economic policies and promoted economic liberalization in the late 20th century.
WHITE REVOLUTION IN IRAN (1960-1963)
- Shah Pahlavi
- Pro-American leader in Iran
- Social, political and economic reforms
- Redistributed land to 2.5 million families
- Literacy corps
- Emancipation and enfranchisement of women
- Western culture grew
- Shi'a leaders did not like this change
- Chipped away at clerical power
- Young obscure clerical named Ruhollah Khomeini spoke out harshly against Shah
- Khomeini was arrested and exiled
- Western culture grew in Iran
- Very limited political participation by Iranians
- Tens of millions in foreign aid in exchange for 80% of oil reserves
- Profits from oil sales never trickled down to the common people of Iran
- Iranians resented this
- Many Iranians started to push for a return to Islamic law
IRAN / IRAQ WAR (1980-1989)
- US Supports Saddam Hussein
- Use of biological and chemical weapons
- Suicide bombers as a weapon
IRAQ INVADES KUWAIT (1990-91)
- Operation Desert Storm
- Osama bin Laden wants to be the defender of Saudi Arabia
- Infidels
- Sudan...origins of al Qaeda
1980 in UNITED STATES
LOW MORALE IN THE UNITED STATES
- Loss in the Vietnam War
- Major energy crisis in the US
- Hostages in Iran
- Failed rescue attempt
- Negative view of President Jimmy Carter
TIMES ARE CHANGING...
Miracle on Ice
PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION OF 1980
Ronald Reagan
- Reagan was shot but did not die
- "Evil Empire"
- Hard line stance against Communism
- Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) - "Star Wars"
38.2 - Global Economy
KC-6.3.I.D - In a trend accelerated by the end of the Cold War, many governments encouraged free-market economic policies and promoted economic liberalization in the late 20th century
The United States under Ronald Reagan
Britain under Margaret Thatcher
China under Deng Xiaoping
KC-6.3.I.E - In the late 20th century, revolutions in information and communications technology led to the growth of knowledge economies in some regions, while industrial production and manufacturing were increasingly situated in Asia and Latin America.
KC-6.3.II.B - Changing economic institutions, multinational corporations, and regional trade agreements reflected the spread of principles and practices associated with free-market economics throughout the world.
Economic institutions and regional trade agreements:
38.3 - Global Problems
Population
KC-6.1.I.C - Medical innovations, including vaccines and antibiotics, increased the ability of humans to survive and live longer lives.
GREEN REVOLUTION
KC-6.1.I.B - The Green Revolution and commercial agriculture increased productivity and sustained the earth’s growing population as it spread chemically and genetically modified forms of agriculture.
- High-Yield Volume (HYV) seeds, fertilizers, irrigation, mechanization → major increase in crop yields
- Helped reduce famine & support rapid population growth
- Expansion of commercial/industrial agriculture & agribusiness
- Environmental damage & inequality (pollution, soil depletion, small farmers hurt)
Climate Change
KC-6.1.II.B - The release of greenhouse gases and pollutants into the atmosphere contributed to debates about the nature and causes of climate change.
Terrorism
KC-6.2.V.D - Some movements used violence against civilians in an effort to achieve political aims.
September 11, 2001
- al-Qaeda (Osama bin Laden)
- War in Iraq (Saddam Hussein)
- ISIS
Poverty
Worldwide Shortage of Resources
Uneven Distribution of Resources
- In 2021, Oxfam reported that the 10 richest men in the world collectively owned more than the combined wealth of the bottom 3.1 billion people, almost half of the global population.
- Their combined wealth doubled during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Disease
KC-6.1.III.A - Diseases associated with poverty persisted while other diseases emerged as new epidemics and threats to human populations, in some cases leading to social disruption. These outbreaks spurred technological and medical advances. Some diseases occurred at higher incidence merely because of increased longevity.
- Who is receiving treatment?
- Who is affected?
- HIV/AIDS
KC-6.1.I.C - Medical innovations, including vaccines and antibiotics, increased the ability of humans to survive and live longer lives.