The Kingdom of Bhutan, known in-country as Druk Yul or "Land of the Thunder Dragon," is a destination not yet visited by many North Americans, but one that is likely to see a surge in popularity because of its Himalayan landscapes, culture, and unique approach to national development. The small landlocked country, situated between India, China, and Tibet, has preserved its distinct character and traditions while cautiously embracing modernization.
Bhutan's journey as a tourist destination began relatively recently, with the country opening its doors to visitors only in 1974. Despite its late entry into the tourism industry, Bhutan has established itself as a pioneer in sustainable tourism. The country's approach is designed to ensure that tourism remains environmentally friendly, socially and culturally acceptable, and economically viable.
The Bhutanese government has implemented a "High Value, Low Impact" tourism policy. This strategy aims to limit the number of tourists while ensuring that those who do visit contribute significantly to the country's economy and development. As of 2024, visitors are required to pay a Sustainable Development Fee, which goes towards funding free education, healthcare, poverty alleviation, and infrastructure development in the country.
Bhutan is located in South Asia in the Eastern Himalayas. Its dramatic landscape is characterized by steep, high mountains intersected by a network of rivers that form deep valleys. The country's average altitude is an impressive 7, 314 feet above sea level, contributing to its unique ecosystem and climate.
With a population of just over 800,000, Bhutan is the second least populated nation in South Asia after the Maldives. This low population density has helped the country maintain its pristine natural environment, with over 70% of its land still covered in forests - a feat actually mandated by the country's constitution.
Bhutan's culture is deeply rooted in its Buddhist heritage. The country is known for its monasteries, dzongs (fortress-monasteries), and festivals. These elements of Bhutanese culture offer visitors a glimpse into a way of life that has remained largely unchanged for centuries.
One of the most interesting aspects of Bhutanese culture is the concept of Gross National Happiness (GNH). Bhutan is the only country in the world to officially measure national happiness, taking into account social, environmental, and economic factors. This unique philosophy guides the country's development policies and has garnered international attention.
For most international visitors, a visa is required to enter Bhutan. The visa process is managed by registered tour operators or affiliated travel agents, simplifying the procedure for tourists. It's important to note that independent travel is not permitted in Bhutan; all visits must be arranged through authorized tour operators.
The daily tariff for visitors includes accommodation, meals, an English-speaking Bhutanese guide, internal transportation, and camping equipment for treks. This all-inclusive approach ensures that visitors can focus on experiencing the country without worrying about daily expenses.
Most visitors arrive in Bhutan by air, landing at Paro International Airport. The flight into Paro is an experience in itself, offering views of the Himalayas. Alternatively, it's possible to enter Bhutan by road through specific border towns, though this requires additional documentation for transit through India.
Some of Bhutan’s key points of interest are:
Paro Taktsang (Tiger's Nest Monastery): This iconic monastery, perched on a cliff, is Bhutan's most famous landmark.
Punakha Dzong: A majestic fortress at the confluence of two rivers, known for its beautiful architecture.
Thimphu: The capital city offers a blend of traditional and modern Bhutan, with attractions like the Buddha Dordenma statue and the National Memorial Chorten.
Phobjikha Valley: Known for its stunning beauty and as the winter home of the black-necked cranes.
Traditional archery demonstrations: Archery is the national sport of Bhutan, a status it has held for centuries. In Bhutanese Buddhism, archery is sometimes associated with spiritual practices and symbolism. Some believe it can help develop focus and discipline.
Monasteries and Buddhist festivals: Tshechu, or the Mask Dance Festival, is the most important religious festival in Bhutan. It is held annually in various monasteries to honor the Guru Rinpoche who brought Tantric Buddhism to Bhutan in the 8th century.
Buddhist prayer wheels
Tibetan prayer wheel in hand of old Bhutanese prayer, Thimphu, Bhutan
Chendebji Chorten - Eastern Bhutan. The Chorten bears similarity to the Jarung Khashor stupa in Nepal.
Buddhist Flags and Monastery in Thimpu
Traditional dance and colors in Mongar, Bhutan,masked dancers at a Buddhist religious ceremony
Traditional dance and colors in Mongar, Bhutan
Great Buddha Dordenma: a gigantic Buddha statue in the mountains of Bhutan made of bronze overlaid in gold. The statue houses housing over one hundred thousand smaller Buddha statues.
Bhutan is generally considered a very safe country to visit, with low crime rates. However, visitors should be aware of the potential effects of high altitude and prepare accordingly. It's advisable to consult a doctor before traveling to discuss altitude sickness prevention. Visitors should respect local customs and dress modestly, especially when visiting religious sites. It's customary to remove shoes before entering temples and homes. Public displays of affection are frowned upon, and smoking in public areas is illegal.