A “cenote” (pronounced say-NOH-tay) is a sinkhole resulting from the collapse of the top layers of bedrock exposing the groundwater underneath. Mexico's Yucatán Peninsula hosts the largest collection of cenotes, though they can be found in other regions as well. Ecologically, denotes provide a habitat for a wide variety of organisms, including species that have evolved to adapt to the particular conditions of the cenote environment. Cenotes also serve as a crucial source of freshwater for the inhabitants of the region. They were also considered sacred places, believed to be portals to the underworld and a means to communicate with the gods.
There may be more than 7,000 cenotes in the Yucatan, and some estimates indicate as many as 10,000.. Cave cenotes typically contain fresh water, purified by the earth and offering such clarity that small fish and underwater plants are easily visible. The best-known cenotes are accessible via the “Ruta de los Cenotes” from Cancun or Playa del Carmen, attracting travelers for guided and self-guided tours.
New Regulations Implemented
To safeguard these sites, new rules have been enacted to more rigorously regulate cenote tours and activities. These include limiting the number of visitors, restricting items that can be brought in, and mandating that tours be led by a qualified guide who can educate visitors on local ecology and ensure adherence to all swimming safety regulations. Tour operators must also secure authorization from the Secretary of Environment to access cenotes.
Highlighted Cenotes
Cenote Dos Ojos: Known for its two contrasting pools of water, offering both dark, cave snorkeling and bright, sunlit swimming experiences. Cenote Dos Ojos, officially known as Sistema Dos Ojos (Two Eyes System in Spanish), is a part of a flooded cave system situated north of Tulum, on the Caribbean coast of the Yucatán Peninsula, in the state of Quintana Roo. The cave system is renowned for its extensive network of underwater passages, with a surveyed extent of 82 kilometers (51 mi) and 28 known sinkhole entrances, or cenotes. The exploration of Dos Ojos began in 1987 and is still ongoing. In January 2018, a connection was found between Sistema Dos Ojos and Sistema Sac Actun, making the latter the longest known underwater cave system in the world.
Cenote Azul: Cenote Azul is a stunning natural sinkhole that has become a popular destination. Situated just south of Playa del Carmen, approximately 22 kilometers (around 14 miles), it is relatively close to other notable destinations, making it a convenient spot for those exploring the Riviera Maya. The cenote itself is a mesmerizing blue, with its name literally translating to "Blue Sinkhole." It spans about 300 feet in diameter, making it one of the larger cenotes in the area. The depth varies throughout, with some spots reaching up to 90 feet deep, providing an excellent opportunity for both novice swimmers and experienced divers to explore its underwater beauty. Cenote Azul is not only a place of natural beauty but also a habitat for a variety of fish and bird species, offering a unique opportunity for wildlife observation.
Cenote Samulá: Located in the Valladolid area of Yucatán, Mexico, Cenote Samulá is approximately 7 kilometers (around 4.3 miles) southwest of the colonial city of Valladolid. Cenote Samulá is characterized by its underground setting and a spectacular display of stalactites. A distinctive feature of this cenote is the natural hole in the ceiling, through which a tree root dramatically descends. The depth and underwater formations of Cenote Samulá also make it a fascinating spot for snorkeling and exploring the subterranean world. The cenote is part of a larger network of underground rivers and sinkholes, characteristic of the Yucatán.
Cenote Ponderosa: Cenote Ponderosa, also known as Jardín del Edén (Garden of Eden), is a captivating open-air cenote. Positioned just 25 kilometers (approximately 15.5 miles) south of Playa del Carmen and about 3 kilometers (around 1.9 miles) north of Puerto Aventuras, it is conveniently accessible for travelers. Cenote Ponderosa is renowned among diving enthusiasts for its intricate underwater cave systems. The cenote is enveloped by lush vegetation, creating a secluded environment that lives up to its alternative name, Garden of Eden. Ponderosa also serves as a habitat for a variety of fish species and turtles
Cenote Yokdzonot: A less crowded alternative to more famous cenotes, managed by a cooperative of local Mayan women. Cenote Yokdzonot is located in the Chikindzonot Municipality in the Mexican state of Yucatán, roughly 170 km southeast of the city of Mérida. Chikindzonot Municipality is known for several cenotes. Apart from Cenote Yokdzonot, other cenotes in the area include Cenote Chan Dzitnup, Cenote Chikindzonot, Cenote El Cabo, Cenote Naranja, and Cenote Yaaxdzonot.