Morgan Insider February 2025

Graphic & Photos by Morgan Insider Staff

Random Acts of Kindness

Olive Martinson

It’s always a good idea to share kindness and goodwill! Perfect, because February is not only Black History Month, it is also Random Acts of Kindness Month. This article will share a few good ideas on ways to spread positivity with others.

  • Call a grandparent or family member you don’t get to talk to often.
  • Help a neighbor out!
  • Compliment a stranger.
  • Offer to babysit a younger sibling to give your parents an evening out.
  • Offer to make dinner for your family.
  • If you have time, pick up some litter at a local park.
  • Donate some old clothes to places such as the local Habitat for Humanity Store. To donate, visit kchabitat.org.

Don’t forget to be kind to yourself, too! Spend some time doing a favorite hobby, or working on self care.

These are just some of the amazing things you can do this month. If you want, try to brainstorm some of your own ideas!

Need Advice?

Ask Rocky the Bulldog anything!

Being a middle schooler can be difficult! You can be balancing everything from assignments and classes, life at home, to friendships, maybe newfound crushes and relationships, to extracurricular activities and sports, and everything in between!

I get it. I am a Morgan student too! That is why I am here to help you with all of the many questions you may have! ANONYMOUSLY share your problems, wonderings, and issues going on, and I will do what I can to help you!

Graphic by Morgan Insider Staff

All these questions are from previous Morgan Insider issues and were anonymously submitted by MMS students.

Submit your questions HERE for Rocky the Bulldog!

Dear Rocky,

I really like this guy and we have 4 classes together (1st, 3rd, 4th, and 7th) plus we talked a lot in second grade but then he moved schools and I don't know if he likes me, I think he does because he keeps looking at me in class and in the halls and smiling at me but we barely even talk how do I know if he likes me or not (I emailed him because I don't have a phone and he hasn't responded)

-Anonymous

Dear Anonymous,

Emails are a tricky way to get in contact with a person, but great job working up the courage to send it! That’s the first step, and you’re doing great! Just talking to him will tell a whole lot about how he feels about you. Asking him how he is during the day or a simple “hi” can go a long way. Honestly, the best thing you can do to figure out if he likes you is tell him how you feel. Generally, we imagine a world where the guy usually does the talking, but it’s totally fine to say how you feel.

Dear Rocky,

I like a guy but I don't know if I even exist to him.

-Anonymous

Dear Anonymous,

That sounds difficult, but you don’t always know if that’s true. I totally get it and what place you’re in, and I have the perfect advice: say hello. It’ll seem like the scariest thing, but you got this! Introduce yourself, ask some small questions related to everyday life. This’ll lay a foundation so that you can get to know him. Good luck, and you got this!

Dear Rocky,

I like a boy but it’s not that big of a crush, and I want to get over it but I can't. Do you have any advice?

-Anonymous

Dear Anonymous,

I totally get where you’re coming from. Sometimes you can have a crush on someone for no reason, and like most things, it’s totally normal. Unfortunately, it’s very hard to just ‘get over someone’ especially if you don’t know why you like them.

Dear Rocky,

Next year I want to do a school sport. The problem is that I really love volleyball and I've made a lot of new friends from it, but I also want to do Cross country. I wanna do Cross country because one of my crushes, and one of my friends are doing it and i really want to see them, but I also want to do volleyball again because my friends are doing it. Please help!

-Anonymous

Dear Anonymous,

That is totally understandable, and it’s a tough decision to make. Try running through the pros and cons, deciding what would work best for you. Maybe, try out something new! Cross Country could be a good way to get closer with your other friends (and your crush…) And if that doesn’t end up working out, then you know that volleyball is still there for you! Do what your heart tells you, and have fun! It’s middle school!

Submit your questions HERE for Rocky the Bulldog!

MMS ASB

Marine Biology Club

Mrs. C. Clark

Dolphins and whales and sharks, oh my! If you're interested in learning more about marine biology, there's a new club at Morgan that's perfect for you! The Marine Biology Club is all about learning more about Earth's oceans, aquatic life, and the field of marine biology.

This year, club members hope to help other students learn more about marine biology. With the help of Ms. Mcgahan, the club has adopted an Orca (killer whale) through Washington's own Whale Museum, which is located in Friday Harbor in the San Juan Islands.

Club members say that they are also trying to plan a field trip.

Photo by Mrs. C. Clark

If you want to join the fun, the Marine Biology Club meets after school every other Friday from 2:15 to 3:00 in room A256. See Ms. Mcgahan for more information.

Graphic & Poll by Rheanee Beeson-Petty

Bulldog Boys Wrestling

Mrs. C. Clark

The EHS gym was electrified during the MMS Bulldog boys' home wrestling meet on February 6, and there was a steady hum of anticipation and excitement all night as wrestlers were called to the mat for their chance to show their stuff.

The Bulldogs made a strong showing against competitors from Harrison, Selah, and Kittitas, with many from our home team winning 1 or even 2 matches.

Photos & Graphic by Mrs. C. Clark

Not everyone was victorious this time, but even those who did not win a match looked strong and determined to return to the mat.

There are still four chances to come out and cheer for the Bulldogs. Next week's wrestling meet is just 25 minutes away in Cle Elum, so talk to your family and make plans to go!

Wrestling Schedule

  • Tuesday 2/11 @Cle Elum-Roslyn
  • Wednesday 2/12 @Royal
  • Wednesday 2/19 @Wapato
  • Saturday 3/1 @Toppenish

Cosmic Chocolate Brownie Bites

Amelia Wooten

Are you craving a sweet treat but don't want to go through the trouble of baking? Here is a quick three-ingredient recipe for cosmic brownie chocolate bites! Cosmic brownies rolled into balls and dipped in melted white chocolate, with sprinkles!

Photo by Amelia Wooten

The ingredients you will need are:

  • A box of Cosmic Brownies
  • White chocolate
  • Sprinkles of your choice

First, mash the cosmic brownies to a crumbly texture and then roll them into small cake-pop-sized balls and place them on a tray covered with wax paper.

Photo by Amelia Wooten

Then, melt your white chocolate in a small bowl until a stirrable consistency.

Photo by Amelia Wooten

Use a toothpick to dip the brownie bites in the white chocolate.

Photo by Amelia Wooten

Pour your sprinkles into another small bowl and dip the brownies again, covering them in however many sprinkles you like.

Photo by Amelia Wooten

Put them in the fridge for one hour so the chocolate will harden, and then enjoy!

Photo by Amelia Wooten
Graphic & Wordle by Amelia Wooten

MMS Girls Basketball

Morgan Insider Staff

The MMS girls basketball teams are off to a great start this season. So far, the Bulldogs have faced off against Wapato, Naches, and Selah, and are undefeated!

Graphic by Ava Henson, Photos by Morgan Insider Staff

Eighth-grade player Harper Bononcini says "The season is going good so far and I think our team is really improving. I am looking forward to playing more teams that are competitive because our team is ready for a challenge."

"I am looking forward to continuing to come together as a team and improve our game. I also hope we can continue our winning streak for the great of the season," says seventh-grade player Ava Henson.

Don't miss all the action this season- come out and cheer on the Bulldog basketball players!

Girls Basketball Schedule

  • Wednesday 2/5 @West Valley
  • Thursday 2/6 @Wapato
  • Monday 2/10 @MMS (vs. East Valley)
  • Wednesday 2/12 @Toppenish
  • Monday 2/24 @MMS (vs. Naches)
  • Tuesday 2/25 @Selah
  • Thursday 2/27 @MMS (vs. West Valley)
Graphic by Miah Littrell

Romance Book Recommendations for February

Lili Baldovinos & Abiageal Frank
Graphic by Lili Baldovinos & Abiageal Frank

It’s February, the month of roses, chocolates, and paper hearts! What would be better than a book to add to it? Here, you will find great recommendations to add to your February TBR (to be read).

“Picking Daisies on Sundays” by Liana Cincotti

If you love fake dating and friends-to-lovers stories, Picking Daisies on Sundays by Liana Cincotti is the book for you. Our main character, Daniella Daisy, agrees to a fake relationship with her best friend, and as their act continues, unexpected feelings begin to surface. This book will make you laugh, ache, and believe in love, making it perfect for the February season.

“The Do Over” by Lynn Painter

And for the lovers of time loops and enemies-to-lovers stories, we have The Do Over by Lynn Painter. Emilie Hornby lives through a disastrous Valentine’s Day, then wakes up to reliving the same terrible day. As she tries to break free from the time loop she finds herself running into Nick, who seems to be at the center of it all. This one will make you swoon, laugh, and root for love, making it the best addition to your reading list.

Google Images

“Check and Mate” by Ali Hazelwood

Check and mate is a rivals-to-lovers trope, Mallory Greenleaf and Nolan Sawyer start as rivals after competing against each other at chess. Nolan is the current world champion of chess, and he shocks everyone with his “Kingkiller” chess moves. But Nolan feels drawn to Mallory, and his desire to cross paths with her again grows strong, even though they are rivals and they hate each other. Mallory hates him but can't deny that she is also drawn to him. This book is perfect for romance readers and sits perfectly in that category.

“Betting on You” Lynn Painter

Betting on You is the perfect romance book that everyone who loves romance should read. Bailey Mitchell starts to hate the obnoxious and insufferable boy Charlie Samspon, but after meeting, they end up as coworkers a few years later. Charlie seems to fall for Bailey while they are forced to be next to each other at work. After a situation, Charlie and Bailey decide to fake date, fooling everyone. This book's trope is fake dating, forced proximity, and enemies to lovers. This book also contains humor and heartbreak. And is the cutest book in the romance category!

Graphic by Chloie Biddle

Pecan Magic Bars

Harper Bononcini

This is a rich, sweet, and delicious dessert that you can make for any special occasion, like a holiday or birthday. It's so good, you should definitely try it!

Ingredients

  • 1 stick of Unsalted Butter
  • 1 sleeve of Graham Crackers, crushed
  • 1 pkg of Chocolate Chips
  • 1 pkg of Heath Chunks
  • 1 bag of Pecans
  • 1 bag of Shredded Coconut
  • 1 can of Sweetened Condensed Milk
Photo by Harper Bononcini

Directions

Put a stick of unsalted butter in a 9x13 pan, and melt it in the oven at 350.

Once melted, pour crushed graham crackers on the bottom and flatten.

Photo by Harper Bononcini

Layer chocolate chips, Heath pieces, coconut, and pecans on top of the crushed graham crackers.

Photo by Harper Bononcini
Photo by Harper Bononcini

Drizzle condensed milk evenly over the ingredients and bake at 350 for 30 minutes.

Photo by Harper Bononcini

Take them out of the oven to cool, then cut into bars and enjoy!

Photo by Harper Bononcini

The Not-So-Baby Babysitter

Evelyn Self
Comic & Graphic by Evelyn Self
Graphic & Word Search by Lili Baldovinos & Abiageal Frank

Caramel Apple Heart Bites

Ashley Hill

This recipe combines two of my favorite things: V-Day and caramel apples! This two-ingredient caramel is a game changer, making caramel apples so much easier. Make treats that your loved ones will love!

Photo by Ashley Hill

Ingredients

  • 1 Large apple
  • ¼ Cup maple syrup
  • ¼ Cup powdered peanut butter
  • ½ Cup chocolate chips
  • Optional 1 tbsp coconut oil for melting your choc chips

Instructions

Step 1. Slice the apple into about ½ inch thick

Step 2. Use a heart cookie cutter (or anything you have) to cut the apples into hearts

Photo by Ashley Hill

Step 3. Make your caramel by mixing the maple syrup and powdered peanut butter

Step 4. Spread the caramel onto the apple hearts

Step 5. Melt the chocolate chips (with optional 1 tbsp of coconut oil) and spread over the hearts.

Photo by Ashley Hill

Step 6. Freeze for 15-20 minutes and enjoy!

Graphic & Connections Game by Olive Martinson

The Origins of Valentine's Day

Ava Henson
Graphic by Ava Henson

What is the history of Valentine's Day? How did it start? Read on to discover what is so special about February, 14.

Holiday Origins

Valentine's Day originated with a rule-breaking Roman priest, Saint Valentine, who secretly helped lovers get married. In his time, which was in the 200s A.D., he was like a superhero in a way.

Emperor Claudius 2 of Rome banned marriage when he ruled from 268 A.D to 270 A.D. The emperor made this rule because he thought unmarried men would make better soldiers.

Saint Valentine disagreed and continued marrying couples in secret, till one fateful February 14, in the year 270, he was caught and sentenced to death. Before he died he wrote the first “Valentine” to the jailer's daughter, who he had fallen deeply in love with.

Wikipedia

Later on, Pope Gelasio 1 announced the day of Saint Valentine's death as St. Valentine's Day.

Before the Holiday

Before Saint Valentine was even born there was a pagan festival in Rome that inspired some of the traditions of Valentine's Day today. It focused on bringing new couples together.

During the festival, boys would draw girl's names out of a jar and then the two would stay together during the festival. Some of these couples would even get married after getting to know one another.

Years later, when St. Valentine's Day was created, this festival became part of celebrations that focused on Saint Valentine, connecting the name-drawing tradition to the tradition of writing a "Valentine" for someone you love.

Modern Valentine's Day

Today people worldwide celebrate the day to treasure and appreciate all the loved ones around them by giving cards and gifts, like chocolates and flowers.

Source: National Geographic Kids

Google Images

Valentine's Day Brookies

Allison Alder & Paisley Douthwaite
Graphic by Allison Alder & Paisley Douthwaite

This brownie cookie, or brookie, is easy to make and delicious. It combines the chewy texture of brownies with the soft texture of cookies, making it a treat everyone will enjoy!

Ingredients

  • 1 Brownie Mix, prepared
  • 1/2 cup white chocolate chips
  • 1 cup butter, softened
  • 1 cup white sugar
  • 1 cup brown sugar, packed
  • 2 eggs
  • 2 tsp. vanilla extract
  • 1 tsp. baking soda
  • 1/2 tsp. salt
  • 2 tsp. hot water
  • 3 cups all-purpose flour
  • 1 cup semi-sweet chocolate chips
  • 1 1/4 cup Valentine's M&Ms,

Instructions

Preheat oven to 350 degrees.

Photo by Allison Alder & Paisley Douthwaite

Prepare brownie mix as directed on the box.

Photo by Allison Alder & Paisley Douthwaite

Stir in the white chocolate chips. Set the bowl aside and prepare the cookie dough.

Beat the butter and both sugars together until creamy. Add the eggs, one at a time, and vanilla extract. Mix until combined.

Dissolve the baking soda in the hot water, then add that and the salt to the mix. Combine well.

Add the flour one cup at a time. When the batter is well-mixed, pour in the chocolate chips and 1 cup of M&Ms.

Pro Tip: Stir the chocolate chips and M&Ms in by hand because the mixer will break them up.

Spray the bottom of a 9"x13" pan with cooking spray.

Pour the brownie mix into the pan and spread until it evenly coats the bottom.

Photo by Allison Alder & Paisley Douthwaite

Drop heaping spoonfuls of cookie dough randomly over the top of the brownie batter. BONUS- You'll have lots of cookie dough left over!

Use a knife to swirl the cookie dough through the brownie mix.

Pro Tip: The two batters are not the same consistency, so use an 'S' pattern to spread the cookie dough into every piece of the bars.
Photo by Allison Alder & Paisley Douthwaite

Take the remaining M&Ms and gently press them on top of the dough before baking.

Bake on the middle rack in your oven for 20-25 minutes.

Photo by Allison Alder & Paisley Douthwaite

Once they're baked, set them aside to cool, then bake the rest of the cookie dough, or freeze/refrigerate it for later.

Source

Staff Spotlight

Natalia Garcia

Welcome to Staff Spotlight. I picked three staff members for you to learn some surprising facts about!

Mrs. Armstrong

What inspired you to want to teach?

I had two AMAZING middle school PE teachers that fostered my love for teaching and physical fitness.

What is the best/worst thing about being a teacher?

The best: connecting with my students I love to hear all their stories. I also love having an amazing PE team of teachers to work with daily. The worst: Meetings. LOTS of meetings.

What makes a good day?

A good day starts with a coffee and hike with my friend early in the morning along with my two labs Barrett and WIllie. Then, spending time throughout the day with my family. For dinner having some venison steak fajitas and then finishing off the day with some time either playing family games or watching our favorite TV shows together.

Do you like Valentine's Day?

Valentine's Day is probably one of my least favorite holidays. I don't think I need a specific day to show people who are important in my life that I love them. I feel that Valentine's Day is more of a commercialized holiday for companies to make money more than a day to celebrate those we love.

What advice would you give the students at MMS?

You only live once, so live it to your fullest potential. DON'T WASTE IT! Life is ALL about choices. Make good choices and great things happen. Make poor choices and negative/bad consequences happen. The BEST part? You have control over those choices everyday.

Mrs. Monk

What inspired you to want to teach?

I was inspired to want to teach because I have always enjoyed working with children and have a desire to make a positive impact on students' lives.

What is the best/worst thing about being a teacher?

The best thing about teaching is sharing my knowledge of art with students and seeing them learn and grow. The worst thing about teaching is it can be frustrating to try to help students succeed when some students are unmotivated or disconnected in the classroom.

What makes a good day?

A good day at work is watching students express themselves through their artwork.

Do you like Valentine's Day?

I like Valentine's Day because it is an opportunity to tell someone they are special and you're grateful to have them in your life:)

What advice would you give the students at MMS?

My advice to students is to believe in your potential and don't be afraid to make mistakes.

Mrs. Torrance-Smith

What inspired you to want to teach?

I was inspired to teach because I love reading and it changed my life. My goal is to make kids love reading too.

What is the best/worst thing about being a teacher?

The best thing about teaching is the kids…. for sure!!! The worst part of teaching is the meetings and paperwork.

What makes a good day?

A good day is when my lesson goes well, the kids are sweet and the sun is shining.

Do you like Valentine's Day?

I like Valentine’s Day. I love chocolate so that is a good holiday!!

What advice would you give the students at MMS?

My advice to students would be, “Try it… just try. Don’t be afraid. What have you got to lose?"

Mini Red Velvet Cheesecakes

Brooklyn Velasquez

Mini red velvet cheesecakes are filled with the same flavors as a full-sized cheesecake, but these are smaller and have a great base that's quickly baked with a creamy cheesecake mixture in the middle. These are pretty easy to bake and prepare.

Recommended Tools

  • Mini muffin pan
  • Mixing bowl
  • Whisk
  • Handheld mixer
  • Piping bag or Ziploc bag

Ingredients

Red Velvet Base

  • 1 cup all purpose flour
  • ¼ cup + 1 tablespoon unsweetened cocoa powder
  • ¾ cup salted sweet cream butter ( melted and cooled )
  • 1 ¼ cup granulated sugar
  • 1 tablespoon red gel food coloring
  • 2 teaspoon pure vanilla extract
  • 2 large eggs

Cheesecake Filling

  • 8 ounce package of cream cheese (softened)
  • ¼ granulated sugar
  • 1 teaspoon pure vanilla extract
  • 1 large egg yolk

Instructions

Preheat the oven to 350 degrees. Spray a muffin pan with nonstick cooking spray. Set it aside.

Add flour and unsweetened cocoa powder to a small mixing bowl. Whisk to combine. Set aside

Photo by Brooklyn Velasquez

Add the melted butter, sugar, red food coloring, vanilla extract, and eggs to a medium sized bowl. Whisk to combine.

Photo by Brooklyn Velasquez

Stir in the flour mixture. Continue stirring just until the flour mixture is well incorporated. Do not over mix.

Photo by Brooklyn Velasquez

Add the cream cheese to a separate medium sized bowl. Use a handheld mixer and medium speed to high speed to beat cream cheese for 1 minute.

Photo by Brooklyn Velasquez

Add the sugar and vanilla. Mix for another 1-1½ minutes until well combined.

Add the egg yolk and mix just until no yellow streaks are visible.

Add the cheese mixture to either a disposable piping bag or a Ziploc bag.

Add 1 tablespoon of the red velvet base to each space in the prepared mini muffin pan.

Photo by Brooklyn Velasquez

Snip the end of the piping bag or Ziploc bag off. Squeeze about 2 teaspoons of the cheesecake filling into the center of the red velvet bases.

Photo by Brooklyn Velasquez

Bake for 8-9 minutes. Remove from the oven and allow the cheesecake bites to cool for 20-30 minutes before removing them from the pan and transferring them to a wire rack to cool completely.

Photo by Brooklyn Velasquez

Enjoy!!

Photo by Brooklyn Velasquez

Why You Want a Yearbook

Morgan Insider Staff

Since September, the Journalism class has been hard at work capturing memories from the year.

They have been busy assembling some of the most memorable moments from assemblies, spirit days, sports events, concerts, and more, all into one convenient place- the 2024-25 MMS yearbook.

The collection of candid memories that makes up our yearbook will be one of a kind, and only available in limited quantities, for a limited time. That means that when they're gone, they're gone!

If you want to ensure that you have a yearbook full of memories from this school year, make sure you pre-order a yearbook ASAP. There will be a signing party during the last week of school where everyone will sign yearbooks and relive their favorite moments from the year- and you'll definitely want to be part of the fun.

Yearbooks can be purchased from Mrs. Pennington in the office, or through the MMS website.

Graphic by Allison Alder & Paisley Douthwaite

Effects of Global Warming

Elke Barlow

Global warming is heating our planet and making days hotter. 2020 was one of the hottest years on record and temperatures are still rising.

The ocean absorbs heat which warms the water and melts ice sheets, raising the sea level. The temperature change also affects rainfall, resulting in stronger storms, like hurricanes.

Wildfires are starting more rapidly due to high heat and dry days, and droughts are happening more frequently. Deserts are also expanding worldwide.

People's lives are being impacted by global warming. Houses, businesses, crops, livestock, and fisheries can be destroyed or less productive because of storms, wildfires, droughts, or higher temperatures.

Each year, weather disasters caused by global warming put millions of people out of their homes, leaving them vulnerable.

Do Your Part

Some ways to do your part to slow down global warming:

  • save energy in your house (turning the lights off when you leave a room, etc.)
  • walking and biking more instead of using a car
  • throwing away less food
  • using less plastic
  • reducing the amount you buy
  • reusing items when possible
  • recycling

Source: Nasa

Valentine's Day Heart Pizzas

Chloie Biddle
Graphic by Chloie Biddle

Ingredients

Photo by Chlioe Biddle
  • pre-made pizza dough
  • pizza sauce
  • mozzarella cheese
  • any toppings of your choice (I used pepperoni)

Preheat your oven to 425.

First, evenly distribute your dough (I used pre-made dough) into the number of pizzas you want.

Photo by Chloie Biddle

Shape each chunk of dough into a heart, then place them on a baking sheet.

Photo by Chloie Biddle

Next, add your sauce, cheese and any toppings you want, then slide it into the oven for 4-15 minutes.

Photo by Chloie Biddle

It's as easy as that! Finally, sit back and enjoy!

Photo by Chloie Biddle
Graphic by Bridger Thompson

Gravastars

The Craziest Option for a Supernova

Bridger Thompson

Notice: the following subject is highly theoretical

Normally, when a supernova happens, it either turns into a neutron star or a black hole. However, in 2006, the idea of a gravatar was published as an alternative to the prospect of black holes. Over the years it has been accepted that these theoretical objects might coexist with black holes. The prospect of a gravastar has some weird concepts that spark some weird ideas, let's dive into it.

The Forming of a Conundrum

The start of a supernova is the rapid collapsing of a star and then the universe's biggest explosion. After the explosion, the remains collapse into a neutron star (read the January Morgan Insider for more info) or a black hole. A recent theory on this subject provides a weird but interesting idea of condensed nothingness. When a supernova collapses back in on itself, an extreme amount of energy is squeezed into a teeny space. Normally, this point turns into a black hole, but this energy has the potential to bounce back. When this extreme amount of energy rapidly expands into the collapsing star, two impossible forces collide to create an impossibly thin but strong barrier. Like a neutron star, this new object is at the barrier of mass before it turns into a black hole.

Every Theory has its Problems

Just like how a black hole has traumatized physicists since its creation, gravastars have their theoretical problems. One such problem is the incredible forgery of the crust of the star. For the crust to satisfy the theory, the crust has to be less thick than the diameter of an atom, no material known to man could be that thick with no holes. Scientists speculate that the star's outer layer is very tight, like a rubber band ball, but the center of the ball is hollow.

The other main controversy about a gravastar is its center when the expanding energy bubble collides with the collapsing star halfway, the middle of the star has no matter in it and is left hollow. Let's take a turn to the right field so we can learn about a fundamental in understanding what I’m about to tell you.

A very small particle is so small that it can't be seen as atoms can, so we like to visualize them like waves in water. When the sea doesn't have waves, the sea is still there, so when there is no matter in an area, it still has energy. The hollow of a gravastar can be put like this: imagine a balloon that was invincible, “unpopable.” Now imagine that you pumped the balloon up with the physical limit of air that you could. The air wants to get out rapidly, but the balloon is impenetrable, so it is stuck there. The inside of the gravastar is much like that, the inside of it is a bunch of condensed nothingness trapped by the barrier of the star's crust.

Summary

A gravastar is on the chart of the weirdest theoretical objects, right next to black holes (although they have been proven to exist). The theory of a gravastar is an underdeveloped theory (black holes have had over 100 years to develop), only being about 20 years old, this theory will have plenty of time to develop in the future. If you liked this article, then stay tuned to the story of gravastars for more interesting theories on the subject as the theory develops.

WWII

1943-1944

The Western Front

Trenton Kelly

Italian Campaign

At the beginning of 1943, nothing happened on the Western Front of WW2 until around May when the Italian and German forces in northern Africa were fully repelled from Africa with the Battle of Tunis. After the Axis powers had been dealt with on one front the leaders of America, France, and Britain realized that if they didn't make a move the Soviets were going to sweep all of Europe up to France and make everything Communist. So they devised a few plans: The Americans under Dwight D. Eisenhower wanted to Attack the North of France in the Normandy area while the British led by Bernard L. Montgomery wished to invade the Italian island of Sicily.

So, after a perfuse discussion, the plan was to invade Italy. So August came, and the Invasion was set. American and British troops stormed Sicily and secured a strong beachhead on the island due to many mistakes of the Italian leader Benito Mussolini. It wasn't very long before the Allied forces took over the entire island of Sicily.

By September the Allies decided to invade the Italian Peninsula. This was followed by an immediate surrender of Italy and the German capture of their former allies' territory. By October the Allies had been steadily gaining in the peninsula. After consistent steady gains up until November, the Allies had pushed fairly far into Italy. After these gains, the Allies decided to halt advancements to formulate a new plan to invade Normandy and liberate France.

Britannica.com

D-Day

June 6th, 1944. It was this day the Allied powers landed on the beaches of Normandy in one of the largest naval invasions in human history, D-Day. This operation included almost every country in the Allied powers with multiple landing spots tens of thousands of planes along with thousands of boats.

The initial landing was primarily American. This first landing was the one that secured the beaches. Many historians today say the attacks could have been repelled but General Erwin Rommel left the area to see his wife for her birthday leaving the troops generally unmanaged during the landings. The German troops were primarily focused on the Soviet hordes in the east so most of France was left widely undefended and in just 2 months Paris was liberated from the Nazi regime.

Britannica.com

Into Europe

After the liberation of Paris in August American troops land in Southern France to attempt to connect all their fronts at this time. They were successful in connecting with the Italian front even managing to capture Rome and other important cities like Milan. Once they rejoined the Northern Front the Allies started a plan known as Operation Bargain Market which was a plan to para-drop the Benelux region.

It was also around this time that small rebellions ticked through eastern Germany due to the Soviets capturing most of the land and steamrolling the Germans. Back in the west, the Germans had a plan where they would once again push into the Ardennes to encircle the Allied forces around Dunkirk as they did in 1940. So the Germans concentrated all their armor and plowed into the Allied lines gaining land and even a small encirclement of Americans.

When the Germans were halted in their advance the German commanders asked this small encirclement to surrender and the General leading those Americans responded with one word, “Nuts!” So the Germans were pushed from the Buldge they had made and this set the Allies up in a 100% winning position and the Germans were starting to lose all hope of coming back from this defeat.

Britannica.com

Sources:

  • Britannica: General History/Numbers
  • History.com: General History
  • HistoryExtra.com: General History
  • Britannica: Photos

Upcoming Local Events

February 2025

Rheanee Beeson-Petty

Sitting at home bored this February? Well, I've got something for you! Here are some fun events going on this February for you to do!

509TEENS Youth Group

509TEENS is a youth group for teens ages 12-17. They meet every 4th Friday from 6-8 pm. This month, this event is on February 28th.

509TEENS events are held in the KCRCO office at 211 W 3rd Ave, Ellensburg.

For more information, you can look at their Tiktok: 509teens_kcrco or, Instagram: 509_teens.

Peter and The Starcatcher

Valley Theatre Company is hosting the play “Peter and the Starcatcher” on February 7, 8, 13, 14, & 15 at 7 p.m. and February 8, 9, & 15 at 2 p.m.

The performances will be held at The Oddfellows Ballroom at 307 N. Pine St. in Ellensburg.

Ticket prices are $20 for general/adults, and $18 for students/seniors, $2 at the door. You can buy tickets here!

Feelin Crafty?

Feelin Crafty is a free crafting session that will be held on February 25 from 4:30 to 6 pm at the KCRCO office at 211 W 3rd Ave. in Ellensburg.

This is a free event, open to all ages! Materials will be included!

Bingo Night

Come play bingo on February 21st, from 5 to 7 pm! Bingo Night is located at the KCRCO office, 211 W 3rd Ave. in Ellensburg.

This is a free event for anyone in Kittitas County. This event also provides dinner. Look forward yelling out BINGO and winning some prizes!

Karaoke Night

Come sing your favorite songs on February 18 from 5 to 7 pm at the KCRCO office, 211 W 3rd Ave. in Ellensburg.

This is a free event for all ages, so come and sing with your favorite songs in mind!

The Helicoprion

Adithya Rajendran

You might have come across a lot of strange-looking creatures in your life, but have you ever seen something as strange as this?

Wikipedia

This strange creature is the Helicoprion, an extinct species of shark that cruised the ancient seas over 225 million years ago. The Helicoprion grew up to 16-26 ft in length and was part of the Eugenodontia, an extinct and poorly known order of cartilaginous fishes. It lived during the Devonian period and went extinct in the Early Triassic Period. It was discovered in 1899.

Is it a Shark?

Wikipedia

Although it resembled sharks and was a predator, Helicoprion wasn't related to sharks. It was more closely related to Chimaeras. Chimaeras diverged from the same family as Carcharodon (sharks’ genus) millions of years ago.

The Shark’s Odd Jaw

The most iconic thing about this shark is its buzzsaw-like jaw, which it uses to cut through its prey. It had 180 teeth, each tooth on its jaw having a particular function depending on its location. The anterior teeth hooked and dragged prey into its mouth, the middle teeth pierced and cut the prey, and the posterior teeth cut and pushed the prey into its mouth.

Wikipedia

Scientists had difficulty discovering what the shark looked like because its bones were made of cartilage, which decays rapidly. All that remained of it were its tooth whorls. Tooth whorls are a unique morphological feature that members of the Eugenodontia have.

The Buzzsaw Mystery

In 1899, Russian Geologist Alexander Petrovich Karpinsky found a fragment of the buzzsaw jaw in Kazakhstan. It was curled up like a party blower, which is why he named it Helicoprion, which translates to "spiral jaw." The Helicoprion’s jaw left scientists scratching their heads for over a century. Some scientists speculated that the whorl was located on its upper back or fin, unfurling as a method of defense. Others speculated that it was attached to the tail or lower back.

A decade after the fragment was discovered, a Helicoprion preserved in a natural position was found, proving that the whorl was located on the mouth. However, there was still a debate on whether the whorl was attached to the upper or lower jaw. Some thought it would curl out and downward, while others believed it was located where the tongue should be, or in the back of its throat. What would end this debate was a crushed fossil found in 1950. It was the only fossil found where the endoskeletal elements around it were intact.

Sources:

Wonders of the Ocean

Ocean Creatures That You Probably Didn't Know About

Evalynn Andal

Have you ever wondered about the beauty beneath the ocean? About the creatures living in the sea that most people don’t know about? Here you will find out about fish you might not have ever heard of before.

Gummy Shark

The gummy shark is a relatively small, slender-bodied shark with a short head. It normally eats marine worms, small fish, crustaceans, and cephalopods such as octopuses, squid, and cuttlefish.

Wikipedia

Gummy sharks tend to be found around Australia.

Hachetfish

Hatchetfish are pretty small creatures, the biggest being 2.5 inches. Hatchetfish can be found in the Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Oceans.

Australian Geographic

Hatchetfish usually eat ostracods, copepods, small crustaceans, and fish larvae.

Fangtooth

The fangtooth fish has long, menacing fangs, but the adult fish is small, reaching only about 6 inches in length. Although fangtooth fish look scary, they are harmless to humans and only eat fish and squid.

Wikipedia

Fangtooth fish live in the deep ocean.

Barreleye

The barreleye is known for its strange eyes, which are bright green orbs that are visible through the transparent dome on its forehead. Barreleye are not known to be dangerous to humans and only grow up to six inches.

Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute

The main source of food for barreleyes is likely zooplankton. Barreleye fish can be found in the Pacific Ocean. Click here to learn more.

Sources:

  • Wikipedia
  • Australian Geographic
  • Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute

Chocolate & Caramel Cookie Recipe

Evelyn Self
Graphic by Evelyn Self

This is a recipe from an old cookbook, but I took some artistic liberties.

Photo by Evelyn Self

Ingredients

  • 5-6 cups of flour (I typically use five and a half)
  • 3 cups of brown sugar
  • 1 cup of white sugar
  • 2 teaspoons of baking soda
  • 2 teaspoons of salt
  • 1 package of chocolate chips
  • 1 cup of butter, softened
  • 1 cup of shortening/Crisco
  • 4 eggs
  • 2 teaspoons of vanilla
  • 1/4 cup of sour cream
  • 1 small ball of caramel for each cookie
Photo by Evelyn Self

Tools

  • Medium bowl (for dry ingredients)
  • Small bowl (for wet ingredients)
  • Whisk (I use electric)
  • Measuring tools

Directions

Pre-heat the oven to 375.

Photo by Evelyn Self

Put all dry ingredients in a medium bowl and mix (don’t add chocolate chips yet.)

Photo by Evelyn Self

Put all wet ingredients into a small bowl and mix.

Photo by Evelyn Self

Put mixed wet ingredients in a medium bowl with dry and mixed ingredients.

After you mix the ingredients well, add the chocolate chips. (Mine turned out a bit dry, so I added a little bit more of each ingredient until the dough was the right consistency.)

Photo by Evelyn Self

Roll small sections of dough into balls, and put caramel inside.

Photo by Evelyn Self

Set balls onto a baking tray and bake at 375 for 10 minutes.

Photo by Evelyn Self

Valentine's Day Starbucks Drinks

Ellie Youngblood

Have you ever wanted a festive drink? Well, make sure to look at all of the ideas and recommendations in my article!

Graphic by Ellie Youngblood, Photos from Starbucks

Valentine's Day Drinks

Chocolate-covered Strawberry Creme Frappuccino

This drink is delicious and has amazing toppings like strawberry puree, frappuccino chips, and a mocha drizzle. I recommend this drink because it is very tart and sweet and a lot of people enjoy this drink!

Chocolate Hazelnut Cookie Cold Brew

This drink is made with cold brew coffee and is sweetened with vanilla syrup and chocolatey hazelnut cream cold foam. It's topped off with chocolate cookie crumbles, making it delicious. This one is very popular, and it's one of my favorite drinks!

Blackberry Sage Refresher

This amazing drink has unique flavors that go very well together such as blackberry, lemonade, and green coffee extract. The reason I recommend this is because refreshers are my favorite type of drink and with all of these new flavors it's delicious.

Valentine's Day Treats

Valentine's Cake Pop

The Starbucks Valentine's cake pop is made with vanilla cake mixed with buttercream and it has a delicious chocolaty icing with a cute heart design. I recommend this because it is one of their best desserts and is very flavorful.

Birthday Cake Pop

The classic birthday cake pop has the amazing flavors of vanilla cake with sweet buttercream and sweet pink icing. This recommendation is one of my favorites because it's a classic and it's so delicious.

Source: Starbucks

Student Content Creators

Allison Alder, Evalynn Andal, Lili Baldovinos, Elke Barlow, Rheanee Beeson-Petty, Chloie Biddle, Harper Bononcini, Olive Chelby, Paisley Douthwaite, Michael Eberhart, Quinn Fleming, Abiageal Frank, Natalia Garcia, Ava Henson, Ashley Hill, Elliot Holland-Neff, Trenton Kelly, Miah Littrell, Emily Malella, Olive Martinson, Adithya Rajendran, Evelyn Self, Bridger Thompson, Brooklyn Velasquez, Amelia Wooten, & Ellie Youngblood

Advisor/Editor

Mrs. Carly Clark

Credits:

Created with images by finepoints - "Paper pink hearts fly on soft pink color background, border, copy space. Valentine day concept for design." • Rob D Photography - "Detailed closeup macro photo of a basketball, sports background." • Emin - "Valentine s Day theme with chocolates coffee hearts on pink background Flatlay with space for a message Greeting card and present" • mvc_stock - "Upcoming Events message on Paper torn ripped opening" • divedog - "Underwater cave"