26.1 - Ming and Qing
3.2.II.A. - Technological and cultural transfers were taking place during Chinese maritime activity led by Ming Admiral Zheng He.
4.1.VI. - The increase in interactions between newly connected hemispheres and intensification of connections within hemispheres expanded the spread and reform of existing religions and contributed to both religious conflicts and the creation of syncretic belief systems and practices.
- The role of the Protestant and Catholic Reformations in spreading Christianity outside of Europe.
4.3.I.A. - Rulers continued to use religious ideas, art, and monumental architecture to legitimize their rule. (Qing imperial portraits)
4.3.I.C. - Recruitment and use of bureaucratic elites, as well as the development of military professionals, became more common among rulers who wanted to maintain centralized control over their populations and resources (Chinese examination system).
4.3.II.B. - Land empires—including the Manchu, Mughal, Ottoman, and Russian—expanded dramatically in size.
Chinese Dynasty Song
Ming Dynasty (1368-1644)
Chinese Naval Expeditions
- During the Ming Dynasty, China became a major state-sponsor of sea exploration
- "Power-projection"
- Traded with Middle East and throughout Indian Ocean
Manchu (Qing) Dynasty - 1644-1912
- Qing never aspired to conquer rest of world
- Focused on their own cultural development
- Controlled trade relations with Europeans
- Europeans bought large quantities of tea, silk, and porcelain in exchange for silver
- Fierce protectors of Chinese culture
Dominance Over Chinese
- No marriage between Manchu and Chinese
- Chinese were forced to wear a queue
26.2 - Tokugawa Shogunate
KC-4.3.II.A.i - Some Asian states like the Tokugawa Shogunate sought to limit the disruptive economic and cultural effects of European-dominated long-distance trade by adopting restrictive or isolationist trade policies.
Assignment - Tokugawa Doc Analysis