Chapter 37

TABLE OF CONTENTS

• 37.1 - Korean War
• 37.1 - Vietnam
• 37.1 - Israeli-Palestinian Crisis
• 37.2 - Independence in Africa
• 37.3 - Rise of Modern China

Key Concepts

6.2.I.C. - Some colonies achieved independence through armed struggle.

• Algeria and Vietnam from the French Empire
• Angola from the Portuguese Empire

6.2.II.A. - Nationalist leaders and parties in Asia and Africa challenged imperial rule.

• Indian National Congress
• Ho Chi Minh in French Indochina (Vietnam)
• Kwame Nkrumah in British Gold Coast (Ghana)

6.2.V.A. - Groups and individuals challenged the many wars of the century, and some promoted the practice of nonviolence as a way to bring about political change.

• Thich Quang Duc by self-immolation

6.2.II.B. - Regional, religious, and ethnic movements challenged both colonial rule and inherited imperial boundaries.

• The Muslim League in British India

6.2.III.A. - The redrawing of old colonial boundaries led to population displacement and resettlements.

• The India/Pakistan partition
• The Zionist Jewish settlement of Palestine and displacement of Palestinians
• The division of the Middle East into mandatory states

6.3.I.C. - In newly independent states after World War II, governments often took on a strong role in guiding economic life to promote development.

• Nasser’s promotion of economic development in Egypt
• Nehru's planned economy in India

6.2.II.C. - Transnational movements sought to unite people across national boundaries.

• Pan-Africanism

6.2.III.C. - The proliferation of conflicts led to various forms of genocide or ethnic violence.

• Tutsi in Rwanda in the 1990s

6.2.V.B. - Groups and individuals, including the Non-Aligned Movement, opposed and promoted alternatives to the existing economic, political and social orders.

• The Anti-Apartheid Movement in South Africa
• Participants in the global uprisings of 1968
• The Tiananmen Square protesters that promoted democracy in China

6.3.III. - People conceptualized society and culture in new ways; rights-based discourses challenged old assumptions about race, class, gender, and religion. In much of the world, access to education, as well as participation in new political and professional roles, became more inclusive in terms of race, class, and gender.

Challenges to old assumptions about race and gender:

• Negritude movement
• Islamic renewal movements in Egypt and Saudi Arabia

Increased access to education, plus participation in political and professional roles:

• The end of Apartheid

37.1 - Korean War

• Domino Theory

37.1 - Israeli-Palestinian Crisis

• Zionism
• Theodore Herzl
• Balfour Declaration

37.2 - Independence in Africa

6.2.II.A. - Nationalist leaders and parties in Asia and Africa challenged imperial rule.

• Kwame Nkrumah in British Gold Coast (Ghana)

Challenges of Newly Independent Nations

• Internal Rivalries
• Civil Wars
• Social / Ethnic Groups

Issues for Economic Growth

• Population Growth
• Structure of International Markets
• Underdevelopment of Colonial Governments
• Women are very disadvantaged

37.3 - Rise of Modern China

6.3.I.A. - In communist states, such as the Soviet Union and China, governments controlled their national economies, often through repressive policies and with negative repercussions for their populations.

• The Great Leap Forward

6.3.I.D. - In a trend accelerated by the end of the Cold War, many governments encouraged free-market economic policies and promoted economic liberalization in the late 20th century.

• China under Deng Xiaoping

6.2.V.B. - Groups and individuals, including the Non-Aligned Movement, opposed and promoted alternatives to the existing economic, political and social orders.

• The Tiananmen Square protesters that promoted democracy in China

China's Civil War

• Guomindang (Chiang Kai-Shek) vs. Communist Party (Mao Zedong)
• 1949 - Communists establish control
• Guomindang Party fled to Taiwan (Republic of China)
• Mainland China became known as the People's Republic of China (PRC)
• United States would not recognize the PRC as the legitimate government of China
• 1973 - Nixon

Mao Zedong